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The .NET Framework Class Library Review 4
The topics in this part are listed below. The code snippets if any are based on the new C++ .NET syntaxes. The code snippets if any are based on the new C++ .NET syntaxes.
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System Interfaces
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System Structures
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System Delegates
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System Enumerations
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Basic Types
System Interfaces
An interface is a reference type that defines a contract. Other types implement an interface to guarantee that they support certain operations. The interface specifies the members that must be supplied by classes or other interfaces that implement it. Like classes, interfaces can contain methods, properties, indexers, and events as members.
| Interface | Description |
| Symbol | |
| _AppDomain | Exposes the public members of the System.AppDomain class to unmanaged code. |
| IAppDomainSetup | Represents assembly binding information that can be added to an instance of AppDomain. |
| IAsyncResult | Represents the status of an asynchronous operation. |
| ICloneable | Supports cloning, which creates a new instance of a class with the same value as an existing instance. |
| IComparable | Defines a generalized comparison method that a value type or class implements to create a type-specific comparison method. |
| IComparable | Defines a generalized comparison method that a value type or class implements to create a type-specific comparison method for ordering instances. |
| IConvertible | Defines methods that convert the value of the implementing reference or value type to a common language runtime type that has an equivalent value. |
| ICustomFormatter | Defines a method that supports custom, user-defined formatting of the value of an object. |
| IDisposable | Defines a method to release allocated unmanaged resources. |
| IEquatable | Defines a generalized method that a value type or class implements to create a type-specific method for determining equality of instances. |
| IFormatProvider | Provides a mechanism for retrieving an object to control formatting. |
| IFormattable | Provides functionality to format the value of an object into a string representation. |
| IServiceProvider | Defines a mechanism for retrieving a service object; that is, an object that provides custom support to other objects. |
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Table 2 | |
System Structures
A structure is a user-defined value type. Like a class, structures can contain constructors, constants, fields, methods, properties, indexers, operators, and nested types. Unlike classes, however, structures do not support inheritance.
| Structure | Description |
| Symbol | |
| ArgIterator | Represents a variable-length argument list; that is, the parameters of a function that takes a variable number of arguments. |
| ArraySegment | Delimits a section of a one-dimensional array. |
| Boolean | Represents a Boolean value. |
| Byte | Represents an 8-bit unsigned integer. |
| Char | Represents a Unicode character. |
| ConsoleKeyInfo | Describes the console key that was pressed, including the character represented by the console key and the state of the SHIFT, ALT, and CTRL modifier keys. |
| DateTime | Represents an instant in time, typically expressed as a date and time of day. |
| Decimal | Represents a decimal number. |
| Double | Represents a double-precision floating point number. |
| Enum | Provides the base class for enumerations. |
| Guid | Represents a globally unique identifier (GUID). |
| Int16 | Represents a 16-bit signed integer. |
| Int32 | Represents a 32-bit signed integer. |
| Int64 | Represents a 64-bit signed integer. |
| IntPtr | A platform-specific type that is used to represent a pointer or a handle. |
| ModuleHandle | Represents a runtime handle for a module. |
| Nullable | Represents an object whose underlying type is a value type that can also be assigned a null reference (Nothing in Visual Basic) like a reference type. |
| RuntimeArgumentHandle | References a variable-length argument list. |
| RuntimeFieldHandle | Represents a field using an internal metadata token. |
| RuntimeMethodHandle | RuntimeMethodHandle is a handle to the internal metadata representation of a method. |
| RuntimeTypeHandle | Represents a type using an internal metadata token. |
| SByte | Represents an 8-bit signed integer. |
| Single | Represents a single-precision floating point number. |
| TimeSpan | Represents a time interval. |
| TypedReference | Describes objects that contain both a managed pointer to a location and a runtime representation of the type that may be stored at that location. |
| UInt16 | Represents a 16-bit unsigned integer. |
| UInt32 | Represents a 32-bit unsigned integer. |
| UInt64 | Represents a 64-bit unsigned integer. |
| UIntPtr | A platform-specific type that is used to represent a pointer or a handle. |
| Void | Specifies a return value type for a method that does not return a value. |
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Table 3 | |
System Delegates
A delegate in the .NET Framework is a reference to a function. A delegate is equivalent to a function pointer.
| Delegate | Description |
| Symbol | |
| Action | Represents the method that performs an action on the specified object. |
| AppDomainInitializer | Represents the callback method to invoke when the application domain is initialized. |
| AssemblyLoadEventHandler | Represents the method that handles the AssemblyLoad event of an AppDomain. |
| AsyncCallback | References the callback method to be called when the asynchronous operation is completed. |
| Comparison | Represents the method that compares two objects of the same type. |
| ConsoleCancelEventHandler | Represents the method that will handle the CancelKeyPress event of a System::Console. |
| Converter | Represents a method that converts an object from one type to another type. |
| CrossAppDomainDelegate | Used by DoCallBack for cross-application domain calls. |
| EventHandler | Represents the method that will handle an event that has no event data. |
| EventHandler | Represents the method that will handle an event. The generic type argument specifies the type of the event data generated by the event. This class cannot be inherited. |
| Predicate | Represents the method that defines a set of criteria and determines whether the specified object meets those criteria. |
| ResolveEventHandler | Represents the method that handles the TypeResolve, ResourceResolve, and AssemblyResolve events of an AppDomain. |
| UnhandledExceptionEventHandler | Represents the method that will handle the event raised by an exception that is not handled by the application domain. |
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Table 4 | |
System Enumerations
An enum (enumeration) is a list of named constants.
| Enumeration | Description |
| Symbol | |
| ActivationContext.ContextForm | Indicates the context for a manifest-activated application. |
| AppDomainManagerInitializationOptions | Specifies the action that a custom application domain manager takes when initializing a new domain. |
| AttributeTargets | Specifies the application elements on which it is valid to apply an attribute. |
| Base64FormattingOptions | Specifies whether relevant System::Convert::ToBase64CharArray and System::Convert::ToBase64String methods insert line breaks in their output. |
| ConsoleColor | Specifies constants that define foreground and background colors for the console. |
| ConsoleKey | Specifies the standard keys on a console. |
| ConsoleModifiers | Represents the SHIFT, ALT, and CTRL modifier keys on a keyboard. |
| ConsoleSpecialKey | Specifies combinations of modifier and console keys that can interrupt the current process. |
| DateTimeKind | Specifies whether a DateTime object represents a local time, a Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), or is not specified as either local time or UTC. |
| DayOfWeek | Specifies the day of the week. |
| Environment.SpecialFolder | Specifies enumerated constants used to retrieve directory paths to system special folders. |
| EnvironmentVariableTarget | Specifies the location where an environment variable is stored or retrieved in a set or get operation. |
| GenericUriParserOptions | Specifies options for a UriParser. |
| LoaderOptimization | An enumeration used with the LoaderOptimizationAttribute class to specify loader optimizations for an executable. |
| MidpointRounding | Specifies how mathematical rounding methods should process a number that is midway between two numbers. |
| PlatformID | Identifies the operating system, or platform, supported by an assembly. |
| StringComparison | Specifies the culture, case, and sort rules to be used by certain overloads of the String::Compare and String::Equals methods. |
| StringSplitOptions | Specifies whether applicable System::String::Split method overloads include or omit empty substrings from the return value. |
| TypeCode | Specifies the type of an object. |
| UriComponents | Specifies the parts of a Uri. |
| UriFormat | Controls how URI information is escaped. |
| UriHostNameType | Defines host name types for the Uri::CheckHostName method. |
| UriKind | Defines the kinds of Uris for the Uri::IsWellFormedUriString and several System::Uri methods. |
| UriPartial | Defines the parts of a URI for the Uri::GetLeftPart method. |
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Table 5 | |
Basic Types
System implements all the basic types defined by the CTS, and you can find these listed in the following table.
| Value Type | Description | Managed C++ Equivalent Type |
| Byte | An 8-bit unsigned integer | char |
| SByte | An 8-bit signed integer | signed char |
| Int16 | A 16-bit signed integer | short |
| Int32 | A 32-bit signed integer | int or long |
| Int64 | A 64-bit signed integer | __int64 |
| UInt16 | A 16-bit unsigned integer | unsigned short |
| UInt32 | A 32-bit unsigned integer | unsigned int or unsigned long |
| UInt64 | A 64-bit unsigned integer | unsigned __int64 |
| Single | A single-precision 32-bit floating-point number | float |
| Double | A double-precision 64-bit floating-point number | double |
| Boolean | A Boolean value | bool |
| Char | A 16-bit Unicode character | wchar_t |
| Decimal | A 96-bit decimal value | Decimal |
| IntPtr | A signed integer whose size depends on the platform | No built-in type |
| UIntPtr | An unsigned integer whose size depends on the platform | No built-in type |
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Table 6 | ||
Note that several of the types, namely the unsigned integer types and SByte, aren’t CLS-compliant, so be wary of using them when you’re writing code that’s going to be used from other .NET languages. All .NET languages map these types onto native types, so managed C++ maps int onto System::Int32, but you can also use the types directly if you want.
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